Understanding fertilisation is key for those trying to conceive. This guide explains ovulation, how sperm prepares for fertilisation, and when conception is most likely to happen.

Ovulation and Fertile Days

Ovulation is essential for pregnancy. It marks the start of a woman’s fertile phase when conception is most likely.

✅ Ovulation occurs once per cycle, usually 12 to 16 days before the next period.
✅ Oocytes (immature eggs) develop in the ovaries during the first part of the menstrual cycle.
✅ A mature egg is released into the fallopian tube, where fertilisation can occur.

When Are You Most Fertile?

🔹 The two days before and the day of ovulation are the most fertile days.
🔹 Sperm can live in the female body for 3-5 days, increasing the chances of pregnancy even if intercourse happens before ovulation.

Sperm Activation: Preparing for Fertilisation

Before sperm can fertilise an egg, it must go through a process called sperm capacitation, which involves:

🔹 Physiological Changes – Prepares sperm for fertilisation.
🔹 Interaction with Female Fluids – Capacitation occurs when sperm encounters cervical mucus and reproductive fluids.

Key Changes During Capacitation:

✅ Improved Movement – Sperm becomes more efficient at reaching the egg.
✅ Membrane Changes – Allows sperm to penetrate and fuse with the egg.

The Fertilisation Process

After intercourse, sperm travels through the cervix, uterus, and into the fallopian tubes, where fertilisation occurs.

How Does One Sperm Fertilise the Egg?

1️⃣ Penetrating the Corona Radiata – The sperm must pass through the egg’s outer protective layer.
2️⃣ Passing the Zona Pellucida – This layer ensures only one sperm can fertilise the egg.
3️⃣ Blocking Other Sperm – Once fertilised, the egg undergoes changes to prevent additional sperm from entering.

Once fertilisation occurs, a zygote forms, marking the beginning of new life.

Timing of Fertilisation

⏳ Fertilisation usually happens within 12-24 hours after ovulation.
⏳ If fertilisation is successful, the embryo travels to the uterus for implantation, which happens about 6-10 days later.
⏳ If fertilisation does not occur, the egg disintegrates, and a new menstrual cycle begins.

Learn More

Curious about fertilisation or considering fertility treatments?

📞 Contact Sakalli IVF today for expert guidance and support on your journey to parenthood.