Blood type and Rh factor are inherited based on Mendelian genetics, meaning they depend on the combination of genes passed down from the parents. A baby inherits a combination of these genes, which determines both its blood type and Rh factor.

Understanding Rh Incompatibility During Pregnancy

In most cases, the baby’s blood type or Rh factor does not cause any issues. However, complications can arise if:

• The mother is Rh-.
• The father is Rh+, and the baby inherits the Rh+ factor from the father.

If the mother’s blood mixes with the baby’s Rh+ blood during pregnancy or childbirth, her immune system may develop antibodies against the Rh factor. These antibodies can attack the baby’s red blood cells, leading to a condition called hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis), which may cause anemia in the baby.

When Is Rh Incompatibility a Concern?

• First Pregnancy: This condition typically isn’t a concern during the first pregnancy because it takes time for the mother’s body to produce antibodies. Blood mixing usually occurs at birth, so the first pregnancy is usually unaffected.
• Subsequent Pregnancies: If the mother becomes Rh-sensitized—due to a previous pregnancy, miscarriage, or other reasons—future pregnancies with an Rh+ baby are at higher risk of complications.

How Can Rh Incompatibility Be Treated?

Step 1: Testing

• During the first prenatal checkup, the mother’s blood type is determined.
• If the mother is Rh-, additional tests are performed to check for Rh sensitization.

Step 2: Preventive Treatment

If the mother is not sensitized (has not developed Rh antibodies), she will receive Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) injections to prevent her body from creating antibodies. These injections are:

• Typically administered during pregnancy (around 28 weeks).
• Repeated shortly after delivery if the baby is Rh+.

Step 3: High-Risk Management

If the mother is already sensitized (has Rh antibodies), RhIg injections will not be effective. In such cases:

• The pregnancy is managed as a high-risk pregnancy.
• The baby’s red blood cell health is closely monitored.
• Treatments may include:
  • Early delivery if complications arise.
  • Perinatal blood transfusion for severe anemia in the baby.

Conclusion

While Rh incompatibility posed significant risks in the past, modern testing and treatment have made it manageable. With proper care, most babies born in these circumstances experience minimal complications.

Support at Sakalli IVF

If you have concerns about your Rh factor, blood type, or pregnancy, don’t hesitate to contact Sakalli IVF. Our expert team is here to provide guidance and personalized care to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy for you and your baby.

Contact us today to learn more about your fertility and prenatal care options.